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The Revolt of the Altishahr Khojas was an uprising against the Qing dynasty government of China, which broke out in 1757 during the reign of the Qianlong Emperor. The rebels were led by the Younger Khoja (also known as Khwāja-i Jahān), leader of the . Qing era documents refer to the event as the "Pacification of the Muslim regions" (). Hojijan and his brother, the Elder Khoja (also known as Burhān al-Dīn), were members of the Central Asian Muslim Zhuo (卓) Clan. After the Qing in 1755, the Khoja Brothers were released from Dzungar captivity whereupon they began to recruit followers in the Western Regions around Altishahr. Not long afterwards, the Khoit-Oirat prince Amursana rose up against the Qing and the Khoja Brothers used the opportunity to seize control of the south west part of Xinjiang. In 1757, Hojijan killed the Qing Amindao (). Qianlong retaliated the following year by sending troops to locations including Kuqa County, (modern day Yarkant County) and Hotan () to attack the Zhuo brothers. In 1759, the rebel army fled west through the Pamir Mountains to Badakhshan (now part of north east Afghanistan) where it was captured and destroyed by the ruling Sultan Shah, causing the revolt to subside. With the revolt pacified, the Qing completed the reintegration of their territory in one of Qianlong's Ten Great Campaigns. The end of the conflict saw the restoration of the territory south of the Tian Shan to Chinese control meaning that the Qing now controlled the whole of Xinjiang. After the appointment of an the Xinjiang area remained peaceful for the next 60 years. == Background == === The White Mountain Khoja and the Zhuo Clan === The ancestor of the Khoja brothers was (1461–1542) also known as Makhdūm-i`Azam, "the Great Master" of the Central Asian Naqshbandi Sufi Sect. Kasani claimed to be the descendant of the Prophet Muhammad through his daughter whose offspring were known as the Khojas (). The family was in turn divided into the and the . (formerly known as the Afaqiyya and Ishaqiyya Khojas respectively). Together they were known as the Altishahr Khojas. In the middle of the Ming dynasty (1368-1644), the Black Mountain Khoja received approval from the ruling Yarkand Khanate for the Altishahr or Tarim Basin area south of the Tian Shan range in the Western Regions to convert to Islam. In the mid-17th century, the White Mountain Khoja leader Muhammed Yusef Khoja (d. 1653) came from Central Asia to Kashgar to prosleytze only to be driven out by the Yarkand Khanate and the Black Mountain Khojas. Yusef Khoja's son Afaq Khoja escaped to Hezhou (; modern day Linxia City) in China's Gansu Province. From there, he went to Tibet to obtain the support of the 5th Dalai Lama and the Dzunghar Mongols under Galdan Boshugtu Khan. In 1680, during the reign of the Qing Kangxi Emperor, the Dzungars under Galdan Boshugtu Khan, with the help of Afaq Khoja, invaded Yarkand and deposed the ruling Khan, Ismail Khan. Galden then installed Abd ar-Rashid Khan II as Khan of Yarkand. Afaq Khoja soon afterwards fled from Yarkand following discord with the new ruler. Two years later, in 1682, riots erupted in Yarkand causing Abd ar-Rashid Khan II to flee to Ili. His younger brother Muhammad Amin then became Khan. The riots of around 1682 led to the overthrow of Muhammad Amin Khan by the followers of Afaq Khoja, whose son Yahya Khoja became the ruler of Yarkand and Kashgar.〔 Two years later, Afaq Khoja died and the Kashgar region sank into a civil war involving the Yarkand Khanate, White Mountain Khoja, Kyrgyz and the local begs. After Tsewang Rabtan succeeded to the leadership of the Dzungar Khanate in 1697， he imprisoned the descendents of the Altishahr Khojas in what is now known as Ili Kazakh Autonomous Prefecture. When Galdan Tseren came to power in 1727，he gave Black Mountain Khoja, Da'nie'er () responsibility for the political and economic affairs of Yarkand and Kashgar. At the same time, Afaq Khoja's grandson Mahmud () died in captivity. Afaq's second grandson , the "Elder Khoja", was imprisoned east of Yili at Elinhabi'erga () (now Yilianhabi'ergaishan ) in the custody of the local Dzungar Tribal Administrator or ''Zaisang'' (), Abagasi () and his brother Hadan (). 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Revolt of the Altishahr Khojas」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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